Here’s a concise tabular summary of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 for easy reference:
Aspect | Details |
---|---|
Enactment | 2002, came into force on 5th October 2002 |
Purpose / Objectives | 1. Conservation of biological diversity 2. Sustainable use of biological resources 3. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from use of resources 4. Protection of traditional knowledge |
Key Definitions | - Biological Resources: plants, animals, microorganisms, or their parts including genetic material - Associated Knowledge: traditional knowledge linked to biological resources - Benefit Sharing: sharing financial or non-financial benefits from use of resources |
Regulatory Authorities | 1. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) – central level, Chennai; regulates access by foreigners and advises government 2. State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) – state level; regulates access by Indians and advises state government 3. Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) – local level; maintains People’s Biodiversity Registers, ensures community benefit |
Access to Biological Resources | - Indians / Companies: Permission from SBB - Foreigners / Companies: Permission from NBA - Commercial use requires approval and benefit-sharing arrangement |
Benefit Sharing Mechanism | May include monetary payment, joint research, technology transfer, collaboration with local communities |
Penalties / Offences | - Unauthorized access or use of biological resources: Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to ₹10 lakh - Non-compliance with NBA/SBB directions: penalties as prescribed |
Local Documentation | People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR): prepared by BMCs to document local biological resources and traditional knowledge |
Relevance | - Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity - Protection of traditional knowledge - Ensures benefits to local communities - Compliance with Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) |
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