๐ฟ What is NGT?
✅ Full form: National Green Tribunal
✅ Established under: National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
✅ Purpose: A specialized tribunal set up exclusively to handle cases related to environmental protection, conservation of forests, natural resources, and enforcement of environmental laws.
⚖️ Why was NGT created?
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To speed up environmental justice (regular courts take too long)
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To provide expert decisions (with environmental and technical experts, not just judges)
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To ensure that environmental issues are handled efficiently and with scientific understanding
๐ Powers and Functions of NGT
✅ Handles disputes under major environmental laws like:
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The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
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The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
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The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
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The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
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The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
✅ Can provide compensation for environmental damage.
✅ Can order restoration or remedial measures.
✅ Can pass injunctions or stop orders (e.g., stop polluting industries).
✅ Has original jurisdiction over environmental civil cases and appellate jurisdiction over certain government decisions.
๐ฅ Who sits on the NGT?
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Judicial members → retired judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts
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Expert members → people with scientific, technical, or environmental expertise
๐ Where are NGT benches located?
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Principal Bench: New Delhi
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Other benches: Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, Chennai (regional benches)
๐ฐ Time-bound decisions
The NGT Act says it should decide cases within 6 months of filing → much faster than regular courts.
๐ Why is NGT important?
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Protects fundamental right to a clean and healthy environment under Article 21
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Ensures industries, government bodies, and individuals follow environmental rules
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Helps balance development and environmental protection
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